Radiography
To take the first radiograph film inserted into a cassette or x-ray film holder in a dark room. In a film that needed intensfying screen.
Parts of the body to be exposed is positioned right on the tape that contains the x-ray film and then flows through the tissue and captured by the film within a certain duration. Then the tapes back to the room darkened and the movie opened excluded. The film then continued to be processed into roentgenogram radiographs or, more popularly called the "Figure x-ray." X-ray picture of the print called skiagram.
Cassette-shaped flat, opaque, there is a metallic box made of aluminum which serves for the film can be exposed to x-rays. The bottom of the tape and the sides are very protected. X-rays enter the cassette through the surface which is not protected then captured by the x-ray film and forwarded absorbed by the plate. Cassettes can also be accommodated with intesfying screen if necessary. The film is placed between two intensfying screen.X-ray opaque film holder, cardboard with the bottom of the protected. It also works on cassette.Intensfying screen is a thin sheet containing a fluorescent elements such as calcium tungstate or barium sulfate. At the time of x-rays were captured by ordinary ray intensfying color screen can also be generated because of the effects of fluorescence on the screen and therefore the x-ray photographic effect can be intensified. If a special film that is sensitive to x-rays and ordinary light rays used, the exposure time can be shortened. When installing a cassette with the film, the film is placed between the two intensfying screen. Three types are available intensfying scree. (1) display that supports high-speed high intensification, (2) Display lower speeds produce sharper images, (3) par-speed screen support medium speed and sharpness of the medium.Use GridX-ray focal spot out through the so-called primary rays and rays reflected after hitting on objekn ray reflection is called the secondary beams or rays fragmented (scattered radiation).(It can also be explained at the time taking pictures radiographs of all primary rays fall on the network that can not be missed. Some light rays can pass through the network several terrefleksikan in various levels of tissue thickness and the light absorbed by the tissue left behind). Terrefleksikan rays cause radiation split. Radiation is broken falls into the film along with the primary beam produces a blurry image on film. To avoid a split beam needed a tool called a grid that is used in radiography. The use of grid is needed for networks with a thickness of 11 centimeters. Grid placed between the exposed and on cassette. Available grid that can not move (stationary grid) and grid that can move (movable grid). A grid is composed of strips and materials such as wood or aluminum radiotransparen regularly at the focal spot is positioned exactly in the middle grid, the grid strip is aligned with the primary collision. Examples of familiar tools that can we meet is a grid that can move the Potter-Bucky diaphragm (or "Bucky"). Grid is still moving during the time of the exposure to light. At the time the grid is not moving strip used in the grid are drawn on the radiograph. To avoid the results of the strip is then used in a moving strip.Film Processing StepsFilm processing done in a dark room. Solution used in the maximum temperature 60 to 75 ° F.Film processing steps include: Developing, Rinsing, Fixing, Rinsing and Drying.Quality of radiographs1. Density (radiographic density): The picture in black on the radiographs defined as a density. Density that the better results found in areas where x-rays were captured by film and converted to black color, silver metallic.2. Contrast (Contrast radiographic): Differences in density in some places on the radiograph is called contrast. Factors affecting contrast are: (1) relativity x-ray transparency of several structures on the radiograph. (2) the type of film used, (3) processing of film used, (4) Intensfying screen, (5) kilovoltase and (6) solving the radiation beamKilovoltase lower yield high contrast and a higher kilovoltase produce low contrast.3. Sharpness (image sharpness): The sharpness of the image on the radiograph indicates a sharp marking on some of the recorded structure.4. Detail: Detail is the quality of radiographs based on the sharpness seen from the outside lines that form the image and the contrast between some of the recorded structure. If the outside lines that form a very clear image viewing and clarity of detail it can be said good.Factors To Look At When Taking radiographs(Exposure Factor)1. KVp: At the time it will generate increased kilovolt x-rays which have greater penetration power. If the power light penetration increases, the contrast of the radiograph images produced will decrease. So dariitu need to be conditioned for maximum size.2. ma: When miliampere increased quantity of light will increase and so will produce the image sharpness on the radiograph.3. Exposure time (seconds): Excessive exposure or exposure that kuran will affect the results of the radiograph. The good thing to do is reduce the exposure time to a minimum to avoid any movement by the patient at the time of exposure.4. Focal spot-film distance. (Focus-Film Distance): At the time of the exposure range to be constructed near the intensity will increase but there will be a tendency occurs enlargement picture. Therefore need to be placed at the optimal distance. Usually the distance was maintained constant as far as 36 inches.5. The distance the film: The distance between the parts to be exposed and the film should be as minimum as possible in order to get good sharpness and to avoid enlarging the image. The distance made was to set one fixed zero contact with the cassette.6. The thickness of the network: If the thickness of the network increases, the kVp must be increased to get a power greater light penetration.7. This type of film that is used: Film is different with or without a screen intensfying selected depending on purposes.
Parts of the body to be exposed is positioned right on the tape that contains the x-ray film and then flows through the tissue and captured by the film within a certain duration. Then the tapes back to the room darkened and the movie opened excluded. The film then continued to be processed into roentgenogram radiographs or, more popularly called the "Figure x-ray." X-ray picture of the print called skiagram.
Cassette-shaped flat, opaque, there is a metallic box made of aluminum which serves for the film can be exposed to x-rays. The bottom of the tape and the sides are very protected. X-rays enter the cassette through the surface which is not protected then captured by the x-ray film and forwarded absorbed by the plate. Cassettes can also be accommodated with intesfying screen if necessary. The film is placed between two intensfying screen.X-ray opaque film holder, cardboard with the bottom of the protected. It also works on cassette.Intensfying screen is a thin sheet containing a fluorescent elements such as calcium tungstate or barium sulfate. At the time of x-rays were captured by ordinary ray intensfying color screen can also be generated because of the effects of fluorescence on the screen and therefore the x-ray photographic effect can be intensified. If a special film that is sensitive to x-rays and ordinary light rays used, the exposure time can be shortened. When installing a cassette with the film, the film is placed between the two intensfying screen. Three types are available intensfying scree. (1) display that supports high-speed high intensification, (2) Display lower speeds produce sharper images, (3) par-speed screen support medium speed and sharpness of the medium.Use GridX-ray focal spot out through the so-called primary rays and rays reflected after hitting on objekn ray reflection is called the secondary beams or rays fragmented (scattered radiation).(It can also be explained at the time taking pictures radiographs of all primary rays fall on the network that can not be missed. Some light rays can pass through the network several terrefleksikan in various levels of tissue thickness and the light absorbed by the tissue left behind). Terrefleksikan rays cause radiation split. Radiation is broken falls into the film along with the primary beam produces a blurry image on film. To avoid a split beam needed a tool called a grid that is used in radiography. The use of grid is needed for networks with a thickness of 11 centimeters. Grid placed between the exposed and on cassette. Available grid that can not move (stationary grid) and grid that can move (movable grid). A grid is composed of strips and materials such as wood or aluminum radiotransparen regularly at the focal spot is positioned exactly in the middle grid, the grid strip is aligned with the primary collision. Examples of familiar tools that can we meet is a grid that can move the Potter-Bucky diaphragm (or "Bucky"). Grid is still moving during the time of the exposure to light. At the time the grid is not moving strip used in the grid are drawn on the radiograph. To avoid the results of the strip is then used in a moving strip.Film Processing StepsFilm processing done in a dark room. Solution used in the maximum temperature 60 to 75 ° F.Film processing steps include: Developing, Rinsing, Fixing, Rinsing and Drying.Quality of radiographs1. Density (radiographic density): The picture in black on the radiographs defined as a density. Density that the better results found in areas where x-rays were captured by film and converted to black color, silver metallic.2. Contrast (Contrast radiographic): Differences in density in some places on the radiograph is called contrast. Factors affecting contrast are: (1) relativity x-ray transparency of several structures on the radiograph. (2) the type of film used, (3) processing of film used, (4) Intensfying screen, (5) kilovoltase and (6) solving the radiation beamKilovoltase lower yield high contrast and a higher kilovoltase produce low contrast.3. Sharpness (image sharpness): The sharpness of the image on the radiograph indicates a sharp marking on some of the recorded structure.4. Detail: Detail is the quality of radiographs based on the sharpness seen from the outside lines that form the image and the contrast between some of the recorded structure. If the outside lines that form a very clear image viewing and clarity of detail it can be said good.Factors To Look At When Taking radiographs(Exposure Factor)1. KVp: At the time it will generate increased kilovolt x-rays which have greater penetration power. If the power light penetration increases, the contrast of the radiograph images produced will decrease. So dariitu need to be conditioned for maximum size.2. ma: When miliampere increased quantity of light will increase and so will produce the image sharpness on the radiograph.3. Exposure time (seconds): Excessive exposure or exposure that kuran will affect the results of the radiograph. The good thing to do is reduce the exposure time to a minimum to avoid any movement by the patient at the time of exposure.4. Focal spot-film distance. (Focus-Film Distance): At the time of the exposure range to be constructed near the intensity will increase but there will be a tendency occurs enlargement picture. Therefore need to be placed at the optimal distance. Usually the distance was maintained constant as far as 36 inches.5. The distance the film: The distance between the parts to be exposed and the film should be as minimum as possible in order to get good sharpness and to avoid enlarging the image. The distance made was to set one fixed zero contact with the cassette.6. The thickness of the network: If the thickness of the network increases, the kVp must be increased to get a power greater light penetration.7. This type of film that is used: Film is different with or without a screen intensfying selected depending on purposes.